Reference soil United States of America 18: Fluvisol

US018

Fluvisols typically are young soils in alluvial, deltaic, lacustrine, or marine deposits, and occur all over the world.

Characteristics

Soils having fluvic soil material starting within 25 cm from the soil surface and continuing to a depth of at least 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than a histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, umbric, yermic, salic, or sulfuric horizon.

Distribution of Fluvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil US018: Fluvisols

Classification

WRB 1998

Eutric- Fluvisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Eutric Fluvisol

Local classification:	Hadley silt loam

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Udifluvent udic coarse-silty mixed mesic
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Udifluvent udic coarse-silty mixed mesic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-24	0	0	0	0.4	14.5	34.7	49.6	24.7	20.8	45.5	4.9
24-46	0	0	0	0.3	22.9	49.4	72.6	13.7	10.7	24.4	3
46-58	0	0	0	0.2	8.9	38.8	47.9	25.5	21.5	47	5.1
58-74	0	0	0	0.4	7.2	46	53.6	23.9	18	41.9	4.6
74-91	0	0	0	0.3	15	36.8	52.1	23.7	19.5	43.2	4.7
91-107	0	0.1	0.1	0.9	30.3	38.3	69.7	15.9	11.1	27	3.3
107-117	0	0	0.1	0.3	31.9	32	64.3	16.1	15.4	31.5	4.2
117-137	0	0	0.4	0.7	44.8	38.4	84.3	8.3	5.8	14.1	1.8
137-147	0	0	0	0.3	14.5	31.2	46	25.2	23.5	48.7	5.2
147-180	0	0	0	0.2	2.7	21.4	24.3	29	38.6	67.6	8

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-24	-	-	-	-	4.9
24-46	-	-	-	-	3
46-58	-	-	-	-	5.1
58-74	-	-	-	-	4.6
74-91	-	-	-	-	4.7
91-107	-	-	-	-	3.3
107-117	-	-	-	-	4.2
117-137	-	-	-	-	1.8
137-147	-	-	-	-	5.2
147-180	-	-	-	-	8

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-24	4.2	3.8	0.52	-	0.90	0.09	10	0.8	0.4	2.4	0.5	0.2	0.0	3.1
24-46	5.2	4.6	0.08	-	0.36	0.04	9	0.1	0	2.0	0.4	0.1	0.0	2.5
46-58	5.4	4.5	0.11	-	0.61	0.06	10	0.1	0	2.8	0.4	0.1	0.0	3.3
58-74	5.5	4.5	0.08	-	0.47	0.05	9	-	-	2.4	0.4	0.1	0.0	2.9
74-91	5.6	4.5	0.08	-	0.54	0.05	11	-	-	2.4	0.5	0.1	0.0	3
91-107	5.7	4.5	0.05	-	0.32	0.03	11	-	-	1.8	0.4	0.1	0.0	2.3
107-117	5.6	4.6	0.07	-	0.39	0.04	10	-	-	2.0	0.5	0.1	0.0	2.6
117-137	5.8	4.6	0.04	-	0.17	0.02	9	-	-	1.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	1.5
137-147	5.6	4.5	0.07	-	0.39	0.05	8	-	-	2.0	0.3	0.1	0.0	2.4
147-180	6.0	4.8	0.1	-	0.83	-	-	-	-	3.6	0.7	0.1	0.0	4.4

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-24	63	4.9	100	3.2	-	8	-
24-46	76	3.3	110	1.3	-	0	-
46-58	79	4.2	82	2.1	-	0	-
58-74	78	3.7	80	1.6	-	-	-
74-91	79	3.8	81	1.9	-	-	-
91-107	82	2.8	85	1.1	-	-	-
107-117	84	3.1	74	1.4	-	-	-
117-137	79	1.9	106	0.6	-	-	-
137-147	57	4.2	81	1.4	-	-	-
147-180	66	6.7	84	2.9	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-24	weak	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	medium to strong	-	-
46-58	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	medium to strong	-	-
74-91	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	-	-
107-117	weak	medium to strong	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	medium to strong	-	-
137-147	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	medium to strong	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-24 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)silt loam,weak fine granular,friable,many very fine common fine roots,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C1 24-107 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist)silt loam,stratified structure,very friable,many very fine few medium and coarse roots,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C2 107-117 cm	light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4, moist)dark greyish brown (2.5Y 4/2, moist),silt loam,silt loam,weak platy,weak medium and coarse platy,friable,very friable,common fine distinct mottles (5Y 4/2) and few medium faint mottles (7.5YR 4/4),common fine and medium roots,frequent medium ferruginous nodules frequent small manganiferous nodules,clear broken boundary to,
C3 117-137 cm	light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6, moist)loamy very fine sand,massive,very friable,frequent small ferruginous nodules,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C4 137-147 cm	olive grey (5Y 5/2, moist)silt loam,massive,very friable,few fine roots,very frequent medium ferruginous nodules,clear wavy boundary to,
Ahb 147-180 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)silt loam,massive,very friable,few fine distinct mottles (5Y 5/2),abrupt smooth boundary to,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	stratified recent alluvium
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Major crops	maize
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming

Altitude	33m
Physiographic Unit	lower floodplain terrace
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial terrace
Slope	3%
Slope Aspect	north
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	somewhat excessive
Depth to groundwater table	2cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-190cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high

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Reference soil United States of America 18: Fluvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil US018: Fluvisols

Classification